Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by an irregular and often rapid heart rate. It occurs when the the two upper chambers of the heart known as the atria, experience chaotic electrical signals. This disorganized activity prevents the atria from contracting effectively, leading to poor blood flow into the ventricles, the heart's main pumping chambers. As a result, the heart may not pump blood as efficiently, potentially leading to symptoms such as palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness. In some cases, atrial fibrillation may be asymptomatic, but it can still significantly increase the risk of stroke or heart failure.
Understanding atrial fibrillation involves recognizing its various causes and risk factors, which includes: hypertension, heart disease, obesity, diabetes and excessive alcohol consumption. Age can also be a significant factor, with the likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation increasing as people get older. Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG) from which a cardiologist can analyze the results.
Management strategies can include lifestyle modifications, medications (such as blood thinners to prevent strokes) , and sometimes procedures to restore a normal heart rhythm, such as cardioversion or ablation.
Regular monitoring and treatment adjustments are crucial, as atrial fibrillation is a chronic condition that can vary in its presentation and severity over time.
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